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2015-11-16 EVENT: TX/OK/KS

James Gustina

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Mar 9, 2010
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671
Location
Dallas, TX
Looks like this might be the last hurrah for November. GFS and ECMWF are progging another sizable, high-amplitude wave to enter the southern Plains on Monday. Both are progging considerably high dewpoints for this time of year with 65F+ dewpoints making it to the Red River by midday. The 850s are a little backed but the veering over the entire depth looks pretty great with a decent amount of turning the lowest 1.5 km. The surface cyclone has been wobbling anywhere from SE Colorado to the NE Texas Panhandle but is blessedly sub-1000 mb as leeward cyclogenesis takes place that morning.

Right now the two biggest pitfalls appear to be rapid moisture return causing persistent cloud cover throughout the day hence the relatively low instability values at 21Z (I think I saw maybe one pocket of 1500 j/kg further south into TX). That slight backing at 850 mb also might be a monkey wrench if this trough comes in more positively-tilted than currently progged. A slight VBV profile is still relatively likely.


All in all it's hard to complain though with a massive gulf-sweeping cold blast coming.
 
Last few runs of the GFS and NAM have this trough trending a bit slower which is gradually shifting this west out of the Cross Timbers and back onto the Plains with much stronger low-level shear around the US 283 corridor from the Red River into Texas. NAM is now progging the return of 65F dews to at least the Red River, however a new problem has presented itself with the trough lagging behind. A slight inversion is present at 800 mb but with the limited degree of heating throughout the day due to the rapid moisture return may make this a bit tougher without as much upper-level support.

But just for the eye candy, here's a sounding from south of Elmer, OK onto the Texas side. 2491576322ad785bb377448caa3f0b79.gif
 
Something Ive noticed is that the 12z gfs and 12z nam differ substantially with moisture. The NAM is much less aggressive owing to upstream dewpoints being much lower (about 7 degress). This makes rapid return more difficult. However the NAM 4k and the GFS are relatively similar at Hour 60 on the position of the Warm front. Calculating it out, it would take about 10 hours to get the moisture to the red river by morning, which is doable. We look to have a strong LLJ in the 50 kt range, so Im thinking moisture return will occur. Need to see the differences in the low strength over the coming days.
 
Well all of a sudden tomorrow is looking extremely potent down in SW Oklahoma and the E Texas Panhandle. Low-level shear has steadily improved during the early evening-sunset timeframe between Childress and Hollis. Instability progs continue to remain problematic with respect to consistency. I'd bet that we hit 1500 j/kg ML in Harmon and Beckham county on Monday afternoon and we likely get a solid few hours of clear skies before sunset. Whether or not there are any hoses before nightfall is another matter entirely. The cold front speeds up a bit after 21Z but the low-level shear is absolutely bonkers by 00Z and coupled with pretty average instability and a very deep moist layer, it could lead to some sunset tornadic supercells in far SW Oklahoma.

Tentative target: Hollis, OK
 
So as of 27 hours(-ish) before go time, we have low-60's dewpoints and onshore flow in south TX. At least it's onshore, even if it's going straight into the Mexican plateau right now. The 3-hr pressure tendencies are kind of a wash on what the winds in S TX might do in the near term. They might turn more southerly, but they might also just stay easterly. Also, 12-15 C dewpoints observed this morning at 12Z at 925 mb in S TX are coming this way, so I *think* we'll be okay on the moisture. Hopefully, the slightly early arrival of moisture will reduce WAA clouds tomorrow, but I know realistically, that probably won't be the case.

One potential issue I see is that none of the models have the dryline sharpening up before about 00Z, meaning dryline circulations won't be very strong during the day. Though this could be mitigated if we don't have a whole bunch of clouds around tomorrow. And even then, keep in mind that sunset this time of year is at ~2330 UTC, and it's mostly dark by 00Z.

Long story short: I'm a bit pessimistic about daytime storms in the TX panhandle and W OK. I'm not up for chasing stuff after dark and moving at 50 mph.
 
The veer-back wind profile showing up in many NAM soundings may be the deal breaker with this setup. That pattern takes a sizeable chunk out of the hodograph area that would be used to calculate SRH. It also causes mid-level storm relative flow to be very small. If that feature weren't there, I'd be more concerned about this setup. Even as is, it still looks like there will be a narrow corridor along the TX PH-OK border in the late afternoon moving towards the Red River valley later in the evening where supercells and tornadoes will be possible. Storm mode may be messy despite the favorable alignment between the deep shear vector and the front because of the aforementioned storm-relative flow issues in the mid levels. There may be supercells, but they may be HP and or poorly organized.

Indications are that sky cover will be mostly cloudy or overcast throughout the pre-convective hours, so don't expect much insolation to increase temperatures. Surface WAA will probably provide as much warming as anything.

Arguably the biggest question for chasing logistics is whether storms go up before sunset. Sunset is around 5:30 PM and the 12Z 4 km NAM suggests it will be pretty quiet until after 00Z.

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Completely separate discussion: just looked at the 00Z UCAR ensemble. Seems to be some sizeable uncertainty unless things have dramatically changed since that forecast cycle. The ensemble says storms will likely initiate in far W TX shortly after 18Z. By 00Z they will only just be approaching the OK-TX border, but will already be a squall line. Interesting.
 
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Pretty anomalous setup for the time of year, although W TX/OK is no stranger to significant after dark tornado threats during spring. Becoming increasingly impressed with the moisture surge and low level dynamics from 00z on tomorrow evening, which should easily keep the boundary layer coupled along with potentially very low LCL heights.

Upwards of 55 kts of effective shear should be in place (decently oriented to the dryline/front I might add), so there should be a window for discrete storms (even barring some possible veer-back-veer issues). Considering the moist axis is relatively wide, if a couple storms can outrun the growing squall line (fairly large "if" at this point though), they could very easily produce a series of tornadoes, perhaps knocking on the door of the I-44 corridor with time. Easily the most threatening setup this region has faced in the fall since 11/7/11 (Tipton). Should advise that storm motions will be pretty rapid, probably on the order of at least 40 kts.
 
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Steering winds will be exceptionally strong and even with deviant motion the storm speeds will still be over 40 mph easily. It seems almost like a guarantee that there will be cloud cover across the E TX Panhandle and SW Oklahoma. That said, with upper-50s dews already returning to about Turkey, TX within that modified airmass, the cloud deck might not be completely insurmountable.
 
After taking a few hours to sit down and look at some things, the trough appears slightly faster than progged last night. This could mean more favorable lift earlier, but also more cloud cover and less instability. CAMS and NAM still agree roughly 1000 j/kg as a conservative estimate. My main concerns like everyone else is cloud cover. Id expect the area to be socked in most of the day, with a few clouds breaks maybe sneaking in further South west. If we hit the low 70's I think a few storms will light off between 21-00z. Given strong shear its likely these will be supercells. Could squeak out a few tors possibly a sig *IF* they get going. In the event we dont get that heating, pacific front will likely force some storms up after dark. Expect those to be semi discrete for the first hour before merging into QLCS with wind hail and conditional tornado threat. Tentative target is also the Hollis area, though I expect to push into Texas depending on Surface features in the morning.
 
My main concern isn't cloud cover, looks like it will be thin in the target area. Storm speeds will be the issue, especially as they approach OK where the roads won't be favorable. There's also the issue of limited daylight. Though if a one or two sups can get going, they'll likely persist well after dark, staying ahead of the line. Unless things change much, this is too good to pass up. Hope to be in Childress by 4 or so.
 
Storm speeds are not that much of an issue in w oklahoma and tx ph. A majority of the county roads are grided roads 45 kt storm speeds are managable.

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Late to the game, but I like what I see in Water Vapor this morning. The trough is nicely ejecting out, and seems that last nights NAM was a bit behind in timing. I hope this leads to a before-dark show, and am expecting we'll have some tornadic supercells by 330 this afternoon. Clouds out west look pretty thin, and should burn off soon leaving a few hours of heating.

Lapse rates are not incredibly steep as seen in the 12Z MAF and AMA raobs. This is a cause of concern, but the system as a whole appears to be quite cold/Flagstaff was -25C at 500mb/so that should help steepen things up a bit.

Moisture is quite good, which is always my #1 rule for fall setups. You need good quality moisture, and mixing ratios and dewpoints look good.

Good luck to those going out today. I'll be leaving Norman around 11:30 and heading to the west or southwest.
 
Completely separate discussion: just looked at the 00Z UCAR ensemble. Seems to be some sizeable uncertainty unless things have dramatically changed since that forecast cycle. The ensemble says storms will likely initiate in far W TX shortly after 18Z. By 00Z they will only just be approaching the OK-TX border, but will already be a squall line. Interesting.

I had typed up a post on Monday morning before heading out worried about the difference between the HRRR and 4 km NAM solutions. The 12Z 4 km NAM had depicted the boundary would only just be approaching AMA at 00Z with storms only that far east. I was not excited about the prospect of having to go that far west, especially given how suddenly progs had changed over the past few days. However, my previous post above alluded to the change in forecast. As it turns out, this forecast of lagged ejection of the trough and associated boundaries verified, as evinced by the following mesoanalysis of surface divergence and winds:

SPC_sfcdiv_20151117_0000_analyzed.jpg

The main boundary was, in fact, west of Amarillo at 00Z. I had been banking on some sort of pre-frontal convergence to fire off storms. This did happen, and I was right on that convergence when it happened (we sat looking at CU towers near Groom at 4 PM).

I have only myself to blame for my bad chase experience. There are many things I should have done differently. For one, I shouldn't have gone all the way through Palo Duro Canyon to intercept the first storm. I wasn't paying close attention to radar, plus data was intermittent anyway. I had visual of it, but my view of the base was shrouded by the heavy precip. I had assumed the storm would turn to the right eventually, so I was more worried about getting south ahead of the core. As seen by comparing the 19Z and 00Z AMA soundings, the hodograph tilted counterclockwise during the late afternoon, pulling the right-moving storm motion vector to the left. It seemed to me the whole day that storm motions had too little eastward component. I guess the motions do look fairly consistent with the 00Z hodograph.

KAMA_19Z.png KAMA_00Z.png

Second, I just plain shouldn't have given up after last light. After taking a closer look at the images I shot near Goodnight of the first storm passing off to the north, I can pretty clearly discern a horseshoe shaped cloud base. There was even a darker mass embedded within the left edge of it (relative to my view), which would be the correct storm relative location for tornadoes. Even on the second storm, my last few shots showed a clear slot being punched by an RFD. However, the storm had formed several shallow lowerings below the base that all fizzled within minutes.

Third, I should've kept a closer eye on the data. Given the westward position of the storms, I was assuming they were struggling during daylight hours because they didn't have that better moisture that was in place in far W OK. Dewpoints in the eastern TX PH at 00Z were barely clipping 60, and closer to where the tornadoes happened, they were only 55-57. I didn't think that was going to be good enough to get the job done, but analyzed MLCAPE got to 1500 and stayed there until after dark.

Also, I haven't chased a lot in the eastern TX panhandle until this year. I'm not at all in love with the road network east of Amarillo. It f---ing sucks, actually, especially between TX-207 and US 83 except for a patch between Panhandle, Pampa, Groom, and Conway, and then a strip along US 60 and TX-152 east of Pampa about 10 miles. In future setups in this area, I'm going to seriously consider avoiding this corridor in favor of other areas, especially to the north, in the OK PH/SW KS, or to the south.

I know I only missed tornadoes that occurred after dark, but I'm really beating myself up about this miss since I was on the god damn storms as they were starting to produce.
 
The E Panhandle is hit or miss once you get onto the edge of the Llano Estacado/Caprock. I've never had problems from McLean eastward but it's an absolute crapshoot if it's rained recently as well with some of the roads being not as well maintained in and around the rim of the canyon or if you have to head north towards Pampa and get a storm running into the Canadian River Valley. Topography is just an absolute nightmare out there.

The road network east of Claude down to Clarendon really suffers from having so many tributaries of the Red River running through it. The Prairie Dog Town Fork in particular is devoid of bridges due to the canyons. It's an absolute nightmare trying to get north to Groom if you have to rely on 70 since 287 becomes split after Goodnight so you have to go a ways down to turn around to get back to 70 in Clarendon. I failed to heed my own warnings when it came to positioning and paid for it on Monday because I didn't accurately assess my road options even though I know the area extraordinarily well.
 
All of these concerns that Jeff and James brought up about the roads are why I went after the storms that I did (the first storm that came out of the canyon). Being from the area and chasing here since I have had a license helps. Helps in that I wont go after storms in certain areas even if they do look better. We were sitting at Conway as the first little group developed into a decent storm. I couldnt bring myself to even think about crossing the canyon or even sitting south of Claude. I didnt want to even be south of 40 because of the described issues. East of 70 is just as bad, so in the end I am glad I followed that first storm north of Pampa and then double back to Miami to be in front of it. I got to sit in one spot near Miami for 1 hour and see 2 wedges and a satellite. I did miss some of the best stuff, but giving my kinda luck while chasing, it was definitely a good chase. I have missed a number of tornadoes because of my road choice decisions and trying to plan ahead this year. It was nice for once to actually help me instead of screw me.

Jeff, dont write that area off too quick. While the roads are a pain (and the wildlife), so many storms fire off the Caprock and move through there. It is one of the hottest corridors for me personally.

Too bad the timing was not 3 hours quicker. Otherwise everything came together really well. HRRR nailed the Pampa stuff from mid morning on IMO. I made a crack around 5pm that day I was just going to go sit and wait at Pampa for the storm to come to me (after all the model consistency that day center on Pampa). I should have listened to myself.

(Edit): Also be sure to submit what you saw and when to the Amarillo NWS if you chased. The supposedly have not got much in and could use more data to get everything sorted out from the 16th.
 
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